According to the Secretary of Education’s 2022 annual report on teacher preparation, in 2018-19 around 560,000 individuals were enrolled in one of the nation’s 21,510 teacher preparation programs housed at 2,178 different institutions. Around 150,000 people completed a teacher preparation program that year. Few, if any, were even taught about microschooling or hybrid schooling, let alone prepared to teach in them.

In Surfing the Pipeline, author Mike McShane marshalled survey data as well as reviewed course offerings by colleges of education in some of the most choice-rich states and found few examples of courses designed to prepare teachers to teach these emerging models.