As universal education savings account (ESA) programs roll out across the country, one big question remains: Are families getting enough options to match their new freedoms?

This report analyzes how school choice policies—particularly universal ESAs—are influencing the education marketplace. The findings suggest a meaningful shift in the supply of educational opportunities:

• Private school growth is up in choice states. While private school numbers are flat nationwide, states with universal programs like Arizona and Florida are seeing increases.
• Arizona’s ESA program is expanding fast. In just one year, participating schools and vendors grew from 510 to 661, including microschools, co-ops, and online providers.
• Families are customizing education. Arizona ESA users spent funds with over 100 types of providers.

This report also highlights a persistent disconnect between what families say they want and what they currently use—often due to financial and access barriers. ESA programs appear to be reducing those barriers, enabling more families to pursue alternatives that align with their preferences.

These findings offer new insight into how the education supply landscape is evolving in response to expanded parent choice. As more states implement universal ESA programs, understanding these shifts will be critical for policymakers, educators, and providers alike.